FUNCTIONAL SKILL

Functional Skill merupakan kemampuan menggunakan bahasa dalam tindak tutur (speech act) guna melasungkan suatu komunikasi atau interaksi dalam konteks pragmatik. Sesuai dengan fungsi pragmatik, yaitu untuk berkomunikasi, tindak tutur bahasa meliputi kemampuan menyampaikan pikiran dan perasaan kepada orang lain, cara-cara mengungkapkan sopan santun, cara-cara memberi nasihat, anjuran, perintah permohonan, dan peringatan, tata cara memberi salam, berkenalan, meminta maaf, cara mengungkapkan keheranan, ketidaksetujuan, kepastian, keraguan, kekhawatiran, berterimakasih, mengajak, dll beserta cara memberi respon terhadap tindak tutur diatas.

Greeting (Tegur Sapa/Salam)

Greeting, dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti tegur sapa, digunakan untuk menyapa seseorang pada waktu bertemu. Berikut ini cara penggunaan greeting beserta cara meresponnya.

Sapaan                                                      Respon                                     Arti

Good Morning                                        Good Morning                      Selamat pagi

Diucapkan pada waktu bertemu seseorang antara pukul 01.00 sampai 11.00

Good day                                                Good day                            Selamat siang

Diucapkan pada waktu tengah hari

Good afternoon                                      Good afternoon                     Selamat sore

Diucapkan pada waktu bertemu seseorang antara pukul 13.00 sampai 18.00

Good evening                                         Good evening                        Selamat malam

Diucapkan pada waktu bertemu seseorang antara pukul 18.00 sampai 24.00

Untuk berpisah/meninggalkan seseorang, lazimnya mengucapkan:

Good bye                                              Good bye                                Selamat tinggal

Diucapkan ketika akan berpisah

Good night                                             Good night                              Selamat berpisah

Biasanya diucapkan di malam hari, yang artinya selamat tidur

 

*Beberapa cara menyampaikan greeting yang lainnya adalah: Hi, Hello untuk perjumpaan dan

Bye bye, Cherio, see you, so long untuk berpisah (leave taking) jawabannya sama dengan

ucapannya.

Untuk menanyakan keadaan seseorang digunakan ungkapan berikut:

Sapaan	Respon
- Hi/Hello - How do you do? Dipakai tatkala pertama kali berkenalan - How are you? - How are you doing? - How is it going on? - How is life? - How have you been? (Apa kabar?)	-Hi/Hello - How do you do? - Ok, thanks - Fine, thank you - I'm fine thank you - Very well, thanks - I'm very well, thank you - Pretty good, thanks (Baik-baik saja, terima kasih) - Just so so, I'm afraid - Not too bad, I'm afraid (Biasa-biasa saja, saya rasa) - Not too well/good, I'm afraid. I've a bit of a cold (Tidak terlalu baik, saya rasa. Saya agak flu)

 

Introduction (Perkenalan)

Memperkenalkan diri sendiri

Ungkapan pengantar yang lazim digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri antara lain:

• I'd like to introduce myself, .........................................
• May I introduce myself, ..............................................
• Let me introduce myself, ............................................
• I want to introduce myself, .........................................

Memperkenalkan orang lain

Ungkapan pengantar untuk memperkenalkan orang lain yang satu kepada yang lainnya antara lain:

• I'd like you to meet .................... (nama)
• This is my friend/boss/manager/etc, ................ (nama)
• Have you met ................ (nama)
• May I introduce you to ..............
• Let me introduce you to ...............
• I want to introduce you to ................

 

Thanking (Mengucapkan Terima Kasih)

Thanking adalah cara mengemukakan rasa terima kasih/ucapan terima kasih. Dalam bahasa Inggris ucapan

terima kasih di lakukan seperti berikut:

Ungkapan	Respon
- Thanks - Thank you - Thank you very much - Thanks for the lift (terimakasih untuk tumpanganya) - Thank you very much for your kindness (Terima kasih banyak atas kebaikan anda) - I'm grateful for your help (Saya haturkan terimakasih atas bantuan anda)	- Thank you/you're welcome - That's all right - Not at all - Don't mention it - That's Ok - Not at all (terimakasih kembali) *merendah - Any time (jangan sungkan-sungkan)

Asking for Help (Memohon Bantuan)

Untuk memohon bantuan dapat dipergunakan ungkapan-ungkapan sebagai berikut:

• Would you ............................... (V1/be) ?
• I wonder you could .......................... (V1/be) ?
• Could you ............................... (V1/be) ?
• Do you mind .................................. (V-ing) ?
• Would you mind ............................ (V-ing) ?

Contoh:

• Would you post this letter for me?
• I wonder you could help me?
• Could you turn on the fan for me. Please?
• Would you mind lending me some money?

Respon untuk mengabulkan/meniyakan tiga permohonan diata adalah Okay, certainly, off course, sure dan untuk menolaknya digunakan ungkapan I am sorry. Sementara untuk mengiyakan/mengabulkan dua permohonan yang terakhir digunakan ungkapan Not at all, all right, of course not, sementara untuk menolaknya dapat digunakan ungkapan yes, I am sorry, I believe so.

Offering Help (Menawarkan Bantuan)

Untuk menawarkan bantuan dapat di gunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut:

• May I help you?            - What can I do for you?                   - Let me help you!
• Can I help you?             - Could I help you?                           - Shall I ... ?
  
  
  
  

Apologizing (Meminta Maaf)

Apologies adalah ucapan untuk meminta maaf, dilakukan apabila seseorang telah melakukan kesalahan kepada orang lain. Berikut ini cara mengucapkan permintaan maaf dan cara menjawabnya.

Nabila : I am sorry

Nizam : That's all right

Detty : I am really sorry

Tina : Not at all

Student : I am sorry for coming late.

(Maaf atas keterlambatan saya)

Teacher : That's all right

(Tidak apa apa)

Untuk memohon maaf, selain ungkapan I am sorry, dapat juga kita gunakan I appologize, forgive me please, excuse me, pardon me.

Jawaban untuk permintaan maaf yang berarti mau memaafkan adalah: Not at all, That's right, no problem atau it doesn't matter, sedangkan apabila seseorang merasa jengkel/marah (tidak mau memaafkan) digunakan ekspresi So you should be.

Giving advice and Suggestion

1. Untuk memberikan nasehat, lazimnya kita menggunakan ungkapan:

                                   Should

                         S +                  + V1

                                  Ought to

     

      Contoh:

• You should tell me the truth.
• (I think) you ought to try another method.
• I think it is useful if we want to make our advice more forceful.
  
  
  
  

2. Jika anda ingin memberikan nasehat secara tegas (giving advice firmly), anda bisa gunakan

    ungkapan berikut:

     -You'd better .......

     - I think you'd better .......

     Contoh:

• You'd better go now.
• I think you'd better tell her.

Jika anda ingin memberikan nasehat yang serious, maka gunakanlah ungkapan “I advise you to .... “

atau “I strongly advise you to ... “

 Contoh:

• I advise you to consult a doctor.
• I strongly advise you to be careful with the snake.

Giving Advise	Responding
I think you should consider it again I'd join it if I were you It might be an idea to ...... You'd better tell your parents soon. I reckon you should/shouldn't ....... Why don't you .... ?	You right. Thanks for your advice. Good idea, thanks. I think so, Thanks a lot. I see, thanks Thanks a million for your advice.

Expressing Warning

Expressing warning ada dua:

1. Weak Warning (peringatan yang lemah/biasa-biasa saja)

• You shouldn't ......
• You oughtn't to .......
• I don't think you ought to ......
• I don't think you should .......

Contoh:

• I don't think thank that you should make your room in mess.
• You shouldn't drink hot water.

2. Strong Warning (Peringata yang kuat/keras)

• Don't ......
• Whatever you do, don't .......

    Contoh:

• Don't open the window. It's broken!
• Whatever you do, don't touch the button!

Ungkapan-ungkapan yang lain:

• Look!
• Be careful!
• These tables should be kept out of the reach of children!
• Take care when you drive!
• Do the test carefully!
• Make sure you don't ....!
• Mind your....!

Respon:

• Yes, I will. Thanks for warning me.
• Thanks for the warning. I'll be very careful.
• I'll remember that, thanks.
• Don't worry. I know that.

Prohibition (Larangan)

Prohibition adalah cara-cara melarang melakukan sesuatu, merupakan kebalikan dari suruhan dan permohonan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, melarang umumnya diungkapkan dengan “Jangan ...!” atau “tidak boleh ...!”

Bila yang dilarangnya berupa kegiatan, digunakanlah “Don't + V1” dan bila yang dilarangnya berupa kata-kata sifat, gunakanlah Don't be .... (+ adjective/adverb).

Contoh:

• Don' go away!
• Don't smoke here!
• Don't tell a lie!
• Don't be lazy!
• Don't be careless!
• Don't be afraid!

Respon untuk prohibition adalah “No, I won't...” yang berarti sanggup/bersedia mematuhi larangan, dan “but I will...” yang berarti tidak mau mematuhi larangan itu.

Contoh:

Dinny : Don't smoke cigarretes!

Fanny : No, I won't.

Rina : Don't swim in the river!

Dendi : But I will.

Eget : Don't forget me!

Fanny : No, I won't.

Dapat pula menggunakan ungkapan: “You must not...”;”You are not allowed to...”;”I forbid you to...”; “I am afraid I can't let you....”; “You are not permitted to...”.

Inviting (Mengundang/Mengajak)

Invitation digunakan untuk mengajak melakukan sesuatu. Ungkapan ajakan lazimnya dinyatakan dengan “Let's..... (V1/be+kata sifat)”; “Why don't we....?”; “How about....?”; Would you care for....?”; “I'd like to invite you to...”; “Would you like to...?”; I wonder if you'd like to....?”

Contoh:

Unie : Let's speak English! Dinot : Let's smoke!

Eget : Alright, let's. Rina : No, Let's not!

Untuk menyatakan bersedia, selain alright dapat pula digunakan ungkapan That's good idea; I'd love to; I'd like very much; I'd be happy/glad to accept; Yes, I'd be delighted to.

Invitation dapat juga disertai dengan bentuk penegasan (Question tag), seperti berikut:

Vivien : Let's go to the beach, shall we?

Ella : That's good idea.

Novi : Let's be happy, shall we?

Ame : Alright, let's.

Asking for Opinion (Meminta Pendapat)

Meminta Pendapat                                         Memberi Pendapat

• What do you think of/about . . .?             I think that . . .
• What is your opinion of/about . . .?          I believe that . . .
• What is your view on . . .?                       I feel that . . .
• What do you say about . . .?                    In my opinion . . .
                                                                 I don't really know it.
                                                                 I guess . . .

Expressing Sympathy (Menyatakan Rasa Simpati)

Ungkapan-ungkapan rasa simpati atas malapetaka/musibah yang dialami orang lain diantaranya:

• I'm sorry to hear that.
• Oh, that's too bad. I am sorry to hear it.
• That's a shame.
• How awful!
• How terrible!
• How horrible!
• Poor!

Contoh:

Sendy : My father is in hospital. He is going to have an operation.

Eldy : I'm sorry to hear that.

Yully : I scratched the door of his new car.

Imell : Oh that's too bad.

 

Soal- soal Latihan Kompetensi

Keterampilan Fungsional (Functional Skill)

1. Karina : Congratulation, Rani! You're really the best Sundanese dancer.

    Rani : No, not at all. I just want to share what I know.

    The underlined expression mean that Rani ________

    (A) can;t deny that

    (B) really wished to become a good dancer.

    (C) didn't believe Karina

    (D) agreed with Karina

    (E) wanted to say that Karina was wrong

2. Syfa : I have never seen such a beautiful wedding ceremony.

    Ina : _______, it was really great.

    (A) I got it now

    (B) I wouldn't say that

    (C) I was very satisfied

    (D) I quite disagree

    (E) I am very happy to hear that

3. Shinta : I haven't read today's newspaper. Would you mind lending me yours, Evi?

    Evi : Here you are.

    The closest meaning for the underlined expression is _________.

   (A) Shinta asks Evi to lend her a newspaper

   (B) Evi wishes Shinta lent her a newspaper

   (C) Shinta wants Evi to lend her a newspaper

   (D) Evi plans to lend her a newspaper

   (E) Shinta wants to read a newspaper

4. Frisca : It's cloudy. Do you think it's going to rain?

    Nia : ________. We are going to watch a football match, aren;t we?

   (A) I hope not             (D) I am not sure

   (B) I don't believe it     (E) I don't think so

   (C) I couldn't believe it

5. Deni : How do you like our uniform, Sir?

    Yoga : Wonderful! _____________.

   (A) I really like it               (D) I am a bit disapointed

   (B) I am certain about it     (E) I don't think so

   (C) I was sorry about it

6. Mother : Dede, could you get me some salt, please?

    Dede : Sure, mom. Here you are.

    The underlined expression means that ________.

   (A) Dede takes some salt for his mother

   (B) Mother wants to have some salt

   (C) Mother hopes Dede to get some salt

   (D) Dede requests his mother to get some salt

   (E) Mother asks Dede to get some salt

7. Rima spilled some milk on the table

    Mother : See what you have done!

    Rima : _______, I didnt mean it. It's my fault.

   (A) Certainly                (D) Oh, I'm sorry

   (B) Yes, thankyou         (E) I don't know

   (C) What's happening

8. Imelda : Mother this is my friend, Mario.

    Mother : ____________ Pleased to meet you.

   (A) How are you?

   (B) Is it your name?

   (C) Well, great your name.

   (D) I've been waiting for you.

   (E) How do you do?

9. Nabila : Hi, Nizam. I haven't seen you for a long time where have you been?

    Nizam : I've been to Ujungberung. I've got a job.

                 I've been working for a logging company.

   Nabila : Really? _______________.

  (A) Good you are

  (B) I'm glad to hear that

  (C) Oh my God

  (D) I'm sorry to hear that

  (E) That's alright

10. Dadang : I'd like to go on sightseeing this afternoon.

      What about you, Yadi? Will you accompany me?

      Yadi : __________, What time shall we start?

     (A) Yes sure              (C) See you later         (E) forgive me

     (B) Excuse me           (D) Not at all

11. Bagas : Mom, I am invited to Yulia's birthday party. Is it alright?

      Mom : _______, but be home before 12.

     (A) You willgo         (D) You had to go

     (B) You may go       (E) Do you have to go

     (C) Should you go

12. Dendi : I'd like you to help me market my product. If you are succesful, I'll give you 20%

                 of the profit.

      Jim : ___________. When can I start?

      (A) Wait a minute      (C) Be sensible         (E) It's deal

      (B) I don't mind         (D) That's not fair

13. Dadang : Do you think that publishing this news will mean a huge increase in our sales

      volume?

      Sopian : ___________, but it's worth considering.

     (A) I agree              (C) I don't think so        (E) I am not sure

     (B) I appreciate it    (D) I am confused

14. Wikantasasmita : Do you think that monetary crisis will soon come to an end?

       Jayawisastra : _________, this condition won't be back to normal within one or

                            two years.

     (A) I am fed up with the news    (D) I am sorry to hear that

     (B) It is not my business             (E) It would be agreeable

     (C) It's very unlikely

15. Passenger : Is it allowed to bring a bird on the plane?

      Custom officer : I am sorry, that is not allowed.

      The underlined utterance expresses _____________.

      (A) regret         (C) admiration      (E) prohibition

      (B) caution       (D) permition

16. Juni : Do you know my cousin Bob?

      Kiki : Sure, I haven't heard about him for a long time.

      Juni : He will get married next Sunday.

              ___________________________?

      Kiki : No, I'm not.

     (A) Can I see you at the wedding party

     (B) Will you be attending his party

     (C) Are you also invited

     (D) Do you feel like going to his party

     (E) Do you mind going to the wedding party with me

17. Mother : When the price of petrol rises, the price of all basic commodities follows to rise.

                     It always happens like this.

      Father : ___________ that our income will be sufficient if there is no increas in our salary.

     (A) I am sure        (C) I am pleased      (E) It's certain

     (B) I doubt           (D) It's possible

18. Ines : Why are you sleepy in class?

      Ina : Do I look sleepy, nes?I am not sleepy, but I have a painful stomachache.

      Ines : You should go to the doctor. Come on I'll accompany you.

      The underlined words express _______

      (A) disagreement       (D) satisfaction

      (B) offering                (E) advice

      (C) obligation

19. “Watch the TV tonight. My daughter is on TV channel 5 at eight. She always makes me happy.”

      “Sure, I will.”

      From the underlined words we know that the first speaker fels _____ her daughter.

     (A) proud of                (D) disappointed at

     (B) angry with              (E) doubtful about

     (C) worried about

20. A: Have you heard that uncle Joe will come next week?

      B: Oh, really? When did he tell you?

     A: Last week.

     The underlined sentence is used to express _______

    (A) happines          (D) enjoyment

    (B) pleasure           (E) curiousity

    (C) surprise